THE ROLE OF IMMUNE CELLS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF GRAVES' ORBITOPATHY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.30Keywords:
Graves’ orbitopathy, inflammation, orbital fibroblasts, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR)Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of thyroid hormones and consequently metabolic dysfunctions. Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of GD. It involves inflammation and swelling of the extraocular muscles and an increase in orbital fat and connective tissue. Extensive analyses of tissue samples obtained from patients with GO indicated the role of orbital fibroblasts, T lymphocytes as well as thyrotropin and insulin–like growth factor–1 receptors in development of this disease. The inflammatory infiltration and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans leads to the development of swelling and fibrosis of periocular tissues. Despite a progress in understanding of this pathomechanism, GO still remains one of the most difficult problems of clinical endocrinology. In this paper, studies related to the immunological mechanism of GO pathogenesis and the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of the disease have been discussed.
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