OBESITY - REASONS AND TREATMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.40Keywords:
obesity, visceral obesity, pathophysiology of obesity, hyperphagia, obesity treatmentAbstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with a strong familial component, fostered by environment: lack of physical activity combined with high-calorie, low-cost foods. The recent increase in the incidence of obesity has been too sudden to be solely due to genetic factors. Epidemiological studies suggest that children born with poor maternal poor fetal nutrition resulted in increased rates of obesity later in life. Altered genetic expression as a consequence of an adaptation to changes during fetal development is a reason of profound adult hyperphagia. Programmed offspring also develop obesity, hyperleptynemia, hyperinsulinism and hypertension during adult life and postnatal hypercaloric nutrition amplifies the metabolic abnormalities induced by programming. Obesity and related metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, certain types of cancers, cardiovascular disease) have become a major health issue in modern society. Intra-abdominal fat accumulation in adult obese patients has been proposed as a risk factor for various biochemical disorders, which usually display a fatal course. Thus, the main prognostic problem in obesity is to estimate accurately the quantity and distribution of fat in the body. There are several different types of effective treatment options to manage weight including: dietary therapy, physical activity, behavior therapy, drug therapy, combined therapy and surgery. Weight loss of about 10 percent of excess body weight is proven to benefit health by reducing many obesity-related risk factors.
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