A comprehensive review on drug-induced diseases and teratogenicity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.307Keywords:
Drug-induced diseases, iatrogenic diseases, adverse drug reactions, teratogenicity, teratogenic agentsAbstract
The phrase "drug induced disease" refers to an unintentional pharmacological side effect that causes mortality and morbidity and symptoms severe enough to necessitate hospitalization or medical attention. Anticoagulants, anticonvulsant, anti-seizure agents, antiepileptics, and antihistamines are among the drugs whose fetal developmental toxicity has been shown by epidemiological studies. These drugs can cause miscarriage, birth defects, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The primary method for diagnosing drug-related disorders in patients is the patient's or their family's history of drug use. The term "teratogenicity" describes the incidence of congenital defects brought on by teratogenic substances. Various pharmacogenetics has been studied in relation with the teratogenic mechanisms including folate antagonism, oxidative stress, inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor. Physical factors like ionizing radiation and toxic metals, chemical exposures, and pharmaceutical treatments including thalidomide, excessive vitamin A, corticosteroids, antiepileptic, anti-seizure, and antihypertensive medications are some of the sources of teratogenic abnormalities. To receive treatment for drug-induced problems, a patient must first notify a physician. During the course of the two-year trial period, 2381 ADR (Adverse drug reaction) events were reported in total, and 926 (38.89%) of them were drug-induced diseases.
Downloads
References
1. Tarate, V.S; Chougule, P.N.; Sutar, S.B.; Nargatti, P.I; Patil, S.S.; Kumbhar, R.B.; Chavan, T.V; Harale, S.S.; Sutar, N.G; Jagzap, R.K. A Study on Drug-Induced Diseases (DIDs) and Teratogenicity. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 2022, 15(1), 7509-7516.
2. Lu, Z.; Guo, Y.; Xu, D.; Xiao, H.; Dai, Y.; Liu, K.; Chen, L.;Wang, H. Developmental Toxicity and Programming Alterations of Multiple Organs in Offspring Induced by Medication during Pregnancy. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2023, 13(2), 460-477. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.029
3. Kong, Z.; Zhu, L.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Chen, G.; Jiang, T.; Wang, H. Effects of Azithromycin Exposure during Pregnancy at Different Stages, Doses and Courses on Testicular Development in Fetal Mice. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2024, 170, Art. No: 116063. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116063
4. Gautam, M.; Kumar, S. et.al. Investigation of the Teratogenic Ramifications of a Common Pregnancy Medicine. Gis Sci. J. 2023, 10(3), 225-239.
5. Akdeniz, C.; Doğru, A.G. Management of Initial and Surgical Management of Amlodipine-Induced Gingival Enlargement with Multifactorial Etiology: A Case Report with 6 Months Follow Up. J. Dental Sci. Edu. 2023, 1(4),123–126. DOI: 10.51271/jdse-0022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51271/JDSE-0022
6. Jamir Pitton Rissardo; Letícia, A.; Casares, M.; Skinner, H. J.; Hamid, U. Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review. Medicines 2023, 10(6), Ar. No: 35. DOI: 10.3390/medicines10060035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10060035
7. Shuper, A.; Stahl, B.; Weitz, R. Carbamazepine-induced hair loss. Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm. 1985, 19, 924–925.DOI: 10.1177/106002808501901212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501901212
8. Zou, X.; Hong, Z.; Zhou, D. Hair loss with levetiracetam in five patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2014, 23, 158–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2013.11.007
9. Aghamollaii, V.; Khan, Z.G.; Maneshi, A.; Ghaeli, P. Role of Zinc Supplementation in the Treatment of Levetiracetam-Induced Hair Loss: A Case Series. J. Pharm. Care 2017, 4, 44–45.
10. Eker, H.E.; Cok, O.Y.; Aribogan, A. Alopecia associated with gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pain. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 2009, 37, 5–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.painsymman.2008.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.09.001
11. Herranz, J.L.; Armijo, J.A.; Arteaga, R. Clinical side effects of phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate during monotherapy in children. Epilepsia 1988, 29, 794–804. DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb04237.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb04237.x
12. Mangalvedhekar, S.S.; Gogtay, N.J.; Manjula, S.; Kadam, V.S.; Dalvi, S.S.; Shah, P.U.; Badakere, S.S.; Pradhan, V.D.; Kshirsagar, N.A. Phenytoin associated alopecia: Drug induced lupus. J. Assoc. Physicians India 2001, 49, 929–930.
13. Neki, N.S.; Shah, D.M. Phenytoin induced alopecia & Lupus: A case report. RGUHS J. Med. Sci. 2015, 5, 188–189. DOI: 10.26463/rjms.5_4_6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26463/rjms.5_4_6
14. Chen, B.; Choi, H.; Hirsch, L.J.; Moeller, J.; Javed, A.; Kato, K.; Legge, A.; Buchsbaum, R.; Detyniecki, K. Cosmetic side effects of antiepileptic drugs in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2015, 42, 129–137. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.10.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.10.021
15. Harmark, L.; Puijenbroek, E.; Straus, S.; Grootheest, K. Intensive monitoring of pregabalin: Results from an observational,Web-based, prospective cohort study in the Netherlands using patients as a source of information. Drug Saf. 2011, 34, 221–231. DOI: 10.2165/11585030-000000000-00000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11585030-000000000-00000
16. Turgut, C.; ˙Izki, A.A. Hair loss due to pregabaline: A case report. Med. Res. Rep. 2020, 3, 41–45.
17. Holmes, L. B.; Harvey, E. A.; Coull, B. A.; Huntington, K. B.; Khoshbin, S.; Hayes, A. M.; Ryan, L.M. The Teratogenicity of Anticonvulsant Drugs. New Engl. J. Med. 2001, 344(15), 1132–1138. DOI: 10.1056/nejm200104123441504 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200104123441504
18. Philpott, H.L.; Nandurkar, S.; Lubel. J.; Gibson. P.R. Drug-induced gastrointestinal disorders. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2014, 5(1), 49–57. DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2013-100316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2013-100316
19. Bartoli, E., Adverse effects of drugs on the kidney. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2015, 28, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015. 12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.001
20. Breckenridge, A.M. Drug-induced cardiovascular disease. Br. Med. J. 1979. 1, 793-795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6166.793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.6166.793
21. Deglin, S.M.; Deglin. J.M.; Chung, E.K. Drug-induced cardiovascular diseases. Drugs 1977, 14(1), 29-40. DOI: 10.2165/00003495-197714010-00002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-197714010-00002
22. Gilbert-Barness E. Review: Teratogenic causes of malformations. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2010, 40, 99-114.
23. Czeizel, A. Teratogenicity of ergotamine. J. Med. Genet. 1989, 26, 69-70. DOI: 10.1136/jmg.26.1.69-a DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.26.1.69-a
24. Wilffert, B.; Altena, J. G. H.; Laurien Tijink; M.H.J, M.; de, W. Pharmacogenetics of Drug-Induced Birth Defects: What Is Known So Far? Pharmacogenomics 2011, 12(4), 547–558. DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.10.201
25. Jamkhande, P. G.; Chintawar, K. D.; Chandak, P. G. Teratogenicity: A Mechanism Based Short Review on Common Teratogenic Agents. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. 2014, 4(6), 421–432. DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60600-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60600-9
26. Shuey DL.; Sadler TW.; Lauder JM. Serotonin as a regulator of craniofacial morphogenesis: site specific malformations following exposure to serotonin uptake inhibitors. Teratology 1992, 46(4), 367–378. DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420460407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420460407
27. Pathan, M.A.; Londhe, M.D.; Jadhav. D.R. Drug induced diseases. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Dev. 2019, 1(2), 06-09. DOI: 10.33545/26646862.2019.v1.i2a.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26646862.2019.v1.i2a.8
28. AbdRabou, M. A.; Alrashdi, B. M.; Alruwaili, H. K.; Elmazoudy, R. H.; Alwaili, M. A.; Othman, S. I.; Alghamdi, F. A.; Fahmy, G. H. Exploration of Maternal and Fetal Toxicity Risks for Metronidazole-Related Teratogenicity and Hepatotoxicity through an Assessment in Albino Rats. Toxics 2023, 11(4), Art. No: 303. DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040303
29. Raichand, S.; Pearson, S.; Zoega, H.; Buckley, N. A.; Havard, A. Utilisation of Teratogenic Medicines before and during Pregnancy in Australian Women. Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2020, 60(2), 218–224. DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13044
30. Muralidharan, A.; Rahman, J.; Banerjee, D.; Hakim Mohammed, A. R.; Malik, B. H. Parkinsonism: A Rare Adverse Effect of Valproic Acid. Cureus 2020, 12(6), Art. No: e8782. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8782
31. Alsdorf, R.; Wyszynski, D. F. Teratogenicity of Sodium Valproate. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2005, 4(2), 345–353. DOI: 10.1517/14740338.4.2.345 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.4.2.345
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Prathamesh V Chaudhari, Reshma Jadhav, Ashish Jain, Priya D Jagtap, Bhavesh D Mahajan, Prapti Gawand
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
For all articles published in Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences copyright is retained by the authors. The journal publishes articles in the Open Access policy, within the CC BY 4.0 licence.
This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license. Disclaimer.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
How to Cite
