Elucidating the phytochemical profile and therapeutic potentials of Moringa oleifera: an integrative approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.455Keywords:
Moringa oleifera, Herbal Medicines, Cultivation, Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological activitiesAbstract
Medicines are substances that serve nutritional, therapeutic, or preventive purposes, while the term ‘herbal medicine’ is used to describe plant-based products with therapeutic, preventative, or dietary benefits. This review aims to provide a detailed description related to the pharmacological activities and phytoconstituents present in Moringa oleifera Lam. The study was performed by a literature survey of original research articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google, using keywords such as ‘Moringa oleifera’, ‘phytoconstituent’ and ‘pharmacological activities’. Moringa oleifera is extensively appreciated for its therapeutic qualities, as in the traditional medical system, almost all tree parts, including the roots, bark, gum, leaves, fruits, flowers, seeds, and seed oil, are utilized to cure a variety of illnesses such as high cholesterol, colitis, rheumatism, diarrhea, swollen glands, headaches, hemorrhoids, fever, constipation, bronchitis, and infections of the ears and eyes. Different scientific studies have been conducted on Moringa oleifera, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antiasthmatic, anti-colitis, and anti-ulcer activity, etc. This pharmacological activity of Moringa oleifera is thought to be due to the presence of the following main phytoconstituents: alkaloids (moringin, niazirin, and niazimicin), flavonoids (procyanidin, isoquercitrin, rutin, astragalin, and apigenin), phenolic acids (gallic acid, syringic acid, and benzoic acid), fatty acids (9-octadecenoic acid and arachidic acid), lipid compounds (fatty acids, fatty alcohols, triacylglycerols, and saturated hydrocarbons), terpenoids and carotenoids (lutein, carotene, and polyprenol), sterols (β-sitosterol), phenols (eugenol), vitamins and antioxidants (ascorbic acid) and pigments (chlorophyll A), etc. In this study, we conclude that many phytoconstituents in Moringa oleifera are responsible for producing various types of pharmacological activities.
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