Determination of the antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and effects on oxidative DNA damage of extracts from three different Salvia species grown in Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.300Keywords:
Sage, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, DNA protective effectAbstract
Salvia officinalis L., known as medicinal sage, Salvia triloba L., known as Anatolian sage, and Salvia sclarea L., known as clary sage, belong to the Lamiaceae family and are species that typically grow in the Mediterranean region. This study aims to investigate the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, total flavonoid and total phenolic content, and protective effects against oxidative DNA damage of extracts obtained from the aerial parts of three sage species — S. officinalis, S. triloba, and S. sclarea — which are cultivated using organic farming techniques in Turkey. Ready kits were used to determine TAS, TOS, and OSI values, while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used for antioxidant activity assessment. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against microorganisms. To evaluate the protective effects of the extracts on DNA against UV and oxidative damage, pBR322 plasmid DNA was used. In conclusion, among the prepared water, 70% ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts, the highest TAS was found in S. triloba 70% ethanol extract (9.6±1.8 mmol/L). In contrast, the highest TOS was observed in S. sclarea water extract (3.9±1.2 μmol/L). The OSI values of all plant species and extracts were found to be very similar. The extract with the highest antioxidant activity was S. officinalis 70% ethanol extract (IC50 = 0.105±0.056 mg/mL), and all extracts demonstrated low to moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The highest total phenolic content was determined in S. triloba ethyl acetate extract (37.6±8.5 mg GAE/g extract), while the highest total flavonoid content was observed in S. officinalis ethyl acetate extract (12.5±2.9 mg QE/g extract). All extracts from the three plant species provided strong protection for plasmid DNA molecules against oxidative damage.
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