Modern Cellular Therapies in Orthopedics

Authors

  • Radosław Zagożdżon Laboratory of Cellular and Genetic Therapies, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-2372
  • Ewa Olender Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • Piotr Strzelczyk Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-6134
  • Marcin Kowalski Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • Sławomir Żarek Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • Robert Jopowicz Department of Mini-Invasive Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.822

Keywords:

Orthopedics, Cellular Therapies, Regenerative Medicine, Chimeric Antigen Receptors

Abstract

Cellular therapies, so-called “living drugs”, are reshaping the landscape of clinical and experimental medicine and are increasingly recognized as a new class of pharmaceutics. They provide unprecedented opportunities for treatment of a range of diseases, including orthopedic disorders, which represent a significant burden in global health. Traditional treatments in orthopedics often address symptoms rather than restore damaged tissues or target malignancies. Initially, cellular therapies, particularly those involving stem and progenitor cells, have emerged as a promising frontier in regenerative orthopedics. Additionally, genetically engineered immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T/NK cells, have been proposed for applications in onco-orthopedics, offering targeted approaches to bone and soft tissue sarcomas, but also, in parallel to CAR-bearing regulatory T cells, in a range of autoimmune diseases. This review provides an overview of current cellular therapies, either in clinical use or under investigation in orthopedics, with a focus on platelet-rich plasma- or chondrocyte-based approaches, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and potential applications of CAR-based immune cell therapies. Their biological basis, mechanisms of action, preclinical evidence, clinical applications, challenges, and future directions are discussed.

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Copyright (c) 2025 Radosław Zagożdżon, Ewa Olender, Piotr Strzelczyk, Marcin Kowalski, Sławomir Żarek, Robert Jopowicz

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Modern Cellular Therapies in Orthopedics. (2025). Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.822
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