Modern Cellular Therapies in Orthopedics

Radosław Zagożdżon; Ewa Olender; Piotr Strzelczyk; Marcin Kowalski; Sławomir Żarek; Robert Jopowicz

doi:10.56782/pps.822

Published : 2025-12-11

No. 2025 (Early Access)

Modern Cellular Therapies in Orthopedics

Radosław Zagożdżon

Ewa Olender

Piotr Strzelczyk

Marcin Kowalski

Sławomir Żarek

Robert Jopowicz

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.822

Abstract

Cellular therapies, so-called “living drugs”, are reshaping the landscape of clinical and experimental medicine and are increasingly recognized as a new class of pharmaceutics. They provide unprecedented opportunities for treatment of a range of diseases, including orthopedic disorders, which represent a significant burden in global health. Traditional treatments in orthopedics often address symptoms rather than restore damaged tissues or target malignancies. Initially, cellular therapies, particularly those involving stem and progenitor cells, have emerged as a promising frontier in regenerative orthopedics. Additionally, genetically engineered immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T/NK cells, have been proposed for applications in onco-orthopedics, offering targeted approaches to bone and soft tissue sarcomas, but also, in parallel to CAR-bearing regulatory T cells, in a range of autoimmune diseases. This review provides an overview of current cellular therapies, either in clinical use or under investigation in orthopedics, with a focus on platelet-rich plasma- or chondrocyte-based approaches, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and potential applications of CAR-based immune cell therapies. Their biological basis, mechanisms of action, preclinical evidence, clinical applications, challenges, and future directions are discussed.

Keywords:

Orthopedics, Cellular Therapies, Regenerative Medicine, Chimeric Antigen Receptors

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Zagożdżon, R., Olender, E., Strzelczyk, P., Kowalski, M., Żarek, S., & Jopowicz, R. (2025). Modern Cellular Therapies in Orthopedics. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, (2025 (Early Access). https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.822

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Radosław Zagożdżon

radoslaw.zagozdzon@wum.edu.pl
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-2372

Affiliation:

Laboratory of Cellular and Genetic Therapies, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Poland

Ewa Olender

ewa.a.olender@gmail.com

Affiliation:

Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Poland

Piotr Strzelczyk

piotr.strzelczyk@wum.edu.pl
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-6134

Affiliation:

Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Poland

Marcin Kowalski

marcin.kowalski@wum.edu.pl

Affiliation:

Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Poland

Sławomir Żarek

slawomir.zarek@wum.edu.pl

Affiliation:

Department of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Poland

Robert Jopowicz

robert.jopowicz@wum.edu.pl

Affiliation:

Department of Mini-Invasive Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Poland