Comparative in vitro anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, enzyme-inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of Boswellia dalzielii leaf and stem bark aqueous extracts

Seun Funmilola Akomolafe; Marcin Równicki; Weronika Skowrońska; Sebastian Granica

doi:10.56782/pps.924

Published : 2026-09-05

Vol. 24 No. 3 (2026)

Comparative in vitro anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, enzyme-inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of Boswellia dalzielii leaf and stem bark aqueous extracts

Seun Funmilola Akomolafe

Marcin Równicki

Weronika Skowrońska

Sebastian Granica

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.924

Abstract

Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) (B. dalzielii) is traditionally used in West African communities to treat wounds, inflammatory skin disorders, mental disorder, and microbial infections, yet its dermatological potential has not been fully validated scientifically. This study evaluated the comparative in vitro cytocompatibility, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, enzyme-inhibitory, and antibacterial activities of aqueous leaf (BDL) and stem bark (BDSB) extracts. Both extracts maintained high viability and normal morphology of HaCaT keratinocytes across tested concentrations (25–200 µg/mL) and enhanced cell migration in a scratch wound assay, with BDSB showing the greatest effect. Extracts significantly reduced TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced production of nitric oxide, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as inhibited collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activities, indicating protection of extracellular matrix components. Antibacterial assessment revealed strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.31 mg/mL), whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited only at higher concentrations (10 mg/mL). Importantly, this represents the first comparative evaluation of B. dalzielii leaf and stem bark extracts across multiple skin-relevant in vitro activities, scientifically supporting its folkloric usage.

Keywords:

Boswellia dalzielii, keratinocytes, wound repair, skin inflammation, antimicrobial activity, matrix-degrading enzymes, traditional medicine

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Akomolafe, S. F., Równicki, M., Skowrońska, W., & Granica, S. (2026). Comparative in vitro anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, enzyme-inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of Boswellia dalzielii leaf and stem bark aqueous extracts. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24(3), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.924

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Seun Funmilola Akomolafe

purposefulseun@yahoo.co.uk

Affiliation:

Ekiti State University and Medical University of Warsaw Nigeria

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University

Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw

Marcin Równicki

marcin.rownicki@wum.edu.pl

Affiliation:

Medical University of Warsaw Poland

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis,

Weronika Skowrońska

weronika.skowronska@wum.edu.pl

Affiliation:

Medical University of Warsaw Poland

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland

Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland

Sebastian Granica

sebastian.granica@wum.edu.pl

Affiliation:

Medical University of Warsaw Poland

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

^bDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland

^cMicrobiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland